Glossary - History of the Internet

Sir Tim Berners- Lee (b.1955) -

Sir Tim Berners-Lee is a world known British computer scientist who contributed to invent the World Wide Web. Berners-Lee made the first successful communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) client and server via the internet.

ARPANET - 

The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was one of the world's first operational packet switching networks, the first network to implement TCP/IP, and the progenitor of what was to become the global Internet.  

CERN- 

The European Organization for Nuclear Research, known as CERN is a European research organization whose purpose is to operate the world's largest particle physics laboratory.

Broadband-

A high-capacity transmission technique using a wide range of frequencies, which enables a large number of messages to be communicated simultaneously. Was founded in the 1980's but became popular and well known in the 1990's.

Dial-Up-

Dial up networking technology provides PCs and other network devices access to a LAN or WAN via standard telephone lines. Dial up Internet service providers offer subscription plans for home computer users.When the popularity of the Internet exploded in the 1990s, dial up was the most common form of Internet access due mainly to its low cost to setup. 

Hypertext (HTML)- 

a software system allowing extensive cross-referencing between related sections of text and associated graphic material. 

"hypertext link".

"HyperText is a way to link and access information of various kinds as a web of nodes in which the user can browse at will. Potentially, HyperText provides a single user-interface to many large classes of stored information such as reports, notes, data-bases, computer documentation and on-line systems help. We propose the implementation of a simple scheme to incorporate several different servers of machine-stored information already available at CERN, including an analysis of the requirements for information access needs by experiments... A program which provides access to the hypertext world we call a browser. ― T. Berners-Lee, R. Cailliau, 12 November 1990, CERN^"

^Folksonomy-

 

a user-generated system of classifying and organizing online content into different categories by the use of metadata such as electronic tags.

 

^RSS-

 

RSS (Rich Site Summary) to publish frequently updated information: blog entries, news headlines, audio, video. An RSS document (called "feed", "web feed", or "channel") includes full or summarized text, and metadata, like publishing date and author's name.

RSS feeds enable publishers to syndicate data automatically. A standard XML file format ensures compatibility with many different machines/programs. RSS feeds also benefit users who want to receive timely updates from favourite websites or to aggregate data from many sites.

 

^XML-

 

xtensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.

 

^Convergence-

 

the process or state of converging.

"the convergence of lines in the distance"

 

^Audience-

 

An audience is a group of people who participate in a show or encounter a work of art, literature (in which they are called "readers"), theatre, music (in which they are called "listeners"), video games (in which they are called "players"), or academics in any medium. Audience members participate in different ways in different kinds of art; some events invite overt audience participation and others allowing only modest clapping and criticism and reception.

 

^Institutions

 

an organization founded for a religious, educational, professional, or social purpose.

an established law or practice.